This in-person workshop from the White Matter Study Group will start by reviewing the importance and major implications of characterizing white matter with MRI, the methods for validating MRI findings, and how preclinical models of white matter pathologies can be translated to routine. The program will then focus on methodological aspects related to white matter models (including in silico microstructure substrates and cutting-edge models such as organoids), the challenges and biases associated with relaxometry and susceptibility-based white matter imaging, and solutions for white matter analyses including (open-source) toolboxes and AI-based approaches.